A night disturbed by incessant bites, a pet scratching endlessly… These signs may indicate a flea infestation. Prompt intervention is essential to protect your family and pets.
Fleas, these small blood-sucking insects, have a complex life cycle (eggs, larvae, nymphs, adults) which can make their eradication difficult. They pose a health risk, causing itching, allergies and, in some cases, transmitting diseases. The effectiveness of the treatment depends on the speed of the reaction.
Identification of the Infestation
Before any action, it is crucial to confirm the presence of fleas and assess the extent of the infestation. This will guide the choice of measures to take.
Detection of Adult Fleas
Examine your animals carefully. A flea comb is an effective tool for detecting adults in their fur. Adult fleas are dark brown, measuring approximately 1 to 3 mm. Inspect the areas where they sleep: carpets, rugs, baskets. Also, look for these parasites in cracks in floors and walls. They prefer dark, sheltered places.
A careful visual inspection, especially in animal resting areas, can detect the presence of adult fleas. An accurate count can help you assess the extent of the infestation.
Indirect Signs of Infestation
The absence of adult fleas does not necessarily mean the absence of infestation. Tiny black specks (flea droppings), intense itching in animals and humans, as well as aligned red dots (bites) are telltale signs.
- Presence of small black specks (excrement) on surfaces
- Persistent itching in animals and humans
- Small red dots aligned on the skin (bites)
- Abnormal animal behavior (excessive scratching, agitation)
- Presence of flea eggs (small white grains)
Assessing the Extent of the Problem
The number of fleas observed and the infested areas determine the severity of the problem. A localized infestation requires a different approach than a generalized infestation. A significant infestation requires more vigorous intervention and may warrant calling a professional.
Immediate Actions: Cleaning and Treatment
Once the infestation is confirmed, thorough cleaning and appropriate treatment are necessary.
Intensive Cleaning of the House
Thoroughly vacuum all carpets, rugs, and upholstery. Immediately empty the vacuum cleaner bag into an airtight garbage bag. Don't forget the cracks and crevices. Wash all household linen at high temperature (at least 60°C). Clean floors with a suitable product, paying particular attention to high-risk areas. Repeat this process several times.
The use of a powerful vacuum cleaner is essential to eliminate as many fleas, eggs and larvae as possible. Washing linen at high temperature helps to destroy eggs and larvae.
Treatment of Pets
Treat your animals with an appropriate flea treatment, prescribed by your veterinarian. Options include shampoos, tablets, pipettes, and flea collars. Each option has advantages and disadvantages. The choice of product depends on the species, age and weight of the animal. An inappropriate treatment may be ineffective or even dangerous.
A veterinarian can advise you on the most suitable product for your animal, taking into account its size, age, and health condition. For example, a treatment for a 3 kg cat differs from that for a 25 kg dog.
Elimination of Larvae and Eggs
Specific insecticides and insecticide powders can be used to eliminate larvae and eggs. Strictly follow the instructions and take the necessary precautions. Choose products suitable for your home and the extent of the infestation. A significant infestation may warrant the use of professional insecticides.
Ventilating the room after applying insecticides is crucial to dissipate toxic fumes. For a 100m² house, prolonged ventilation (at least 3 hours) is recommended. Flea traps can also be effective in capturing adults.
Long-Term Prevention
After eliminating the infestation, preventive measures are essential to avoid a new invasion.
Regular Animal Monitoring
Brush your animals regularly to detect any infestation early and eliminate eggs and adult fleas. Regular visual inspection of their fur is essential. Daily brushing is particularly recommended for animals with long hair.
The use of a flea comb allows for a more thorough inspection and facilitates the removal of parasites. It is advisable to run it regularly through the animal's coat.
Maintain Good Hygiene
Vacuum carpets and rugs regularly, wash household linen at high temperature, and clean floors with suitable products. Good ventilation of the rooms also helps to prevent infestation.
Regular cleaning, combined with good ventilation, helps maintain a dry and inhospitable environment for fleas. It is important to target the places where animals spend the most time.
Protective Measures
Preventive treatments can be applied. Natural repellents (lavender, rosemary) can deter fleas. Physical barriers (flea mats) can also limit access to the house. Regular application of preventive products on animals is also important.
Preventive products are available on the market. It is important to choose a product suitable for the species and age of your animal. Consulting a veterinarian is always recommended.
Professional Intervention
In some situations, professional intervention is necessary.
When to Call a Professional
A significant infestation, the failure of home treatments, or severe allergies to flea bites justify seeking professional help. They have more efficient products and equipment to treat complex and large infestations.
A pest control professional has the expertise and effective products to treat a widespread infestation. They can intervene on large surfaces and apply treatments adapted to the situation.
Choosing a Competent Professional
Choose a qualified professional, with references and certifications. Ask for recommendations and compare prices and services. Make sure they use approved and environmentally friendly and health-friendly products.
A qualified professional will use effective and safe methods and products, minimizing the risks to the health of your family and animals. The cost of professional intervention varies depending on the extent of the infestation and the size of the area to be treated.